Dermatological manifestations of hematologic neoplasms. Part II: nonspecific skin lesions/paraneoplastic diseases

Abstract Cutaneous manifestations occur in the course of hematologic malignancies and precede, accompany or occur late in relation to the diagnosis. They result from paraneoplastic phenomena, tumor infiltrations, immunosuppression resulting from the hematologic disease itself or its treatment. The dermatologist must be aware of these conditions that may be helpful both in the diagnosis of the underlying disease and in reducing patient morbidity. This review (part II) addresses the paraneoplastic dermatological changes associated with systemic hematologic malignancies.

Dermatological manifestations of hematologic neoplasms. Part I: secondary specific skin lesions

Abstract Cutaneous manifestations occur during the course of hematologic malignancies and precede, follow, or are late events in relation to the diagnosis. They result from paraneoplastic phenomena, tumor infiltrations, and immunosuppression resulting from the hematologic neoplasia itself or its treatment. The dermatologist must be aware of these conditions, which can help both in the diagnosis of the underlying disease and in the reduction of patient morbidity. This review (part I) addresses skin lesions associated with direct infiltration by systemic hematologic malignancies.

Você conhece esta síndrome? / Do you know this Syndrome?

A síndrome de Papillon-Lefèvre ou queratodermia transgressiva com periodontopatia é genodermatose rara, com acometimento cutâneo e dentário. As alterações aparecem por volta do primeiro ano de vida, com queratodermia transgressiva palmoplantar associada a periodontites, com perda precoce dos dentes decíduos e permanentes. É freqüentemente associada com infecções bacterianas da pele e de órgãos internos. A histopatologia é inespecífica, sendo o diagnóstico eminentemente clínico.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, or palmoplantar keratoderma with periodontitis, is a rare genodermatosis with cutaneous and dental repercussions. The condition appears at around the first year of life, with transgressive palmar-plantar keratoderma associated with periodontitis, early loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth. It is frequently associated with pyogenic infection of the skin and internal organs. Histopathology is nonspecific, the diagnosis being eminently clinical.

Pioderma gangrenoso bolhoso e síndrome mielodisplásica / Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum and myelodysplastic syndrome

O pioderma gangrenoso pode apresentar-se como manifestação paraneoplásica. Relata-se um caso de pioderma gangrenoso, da variante bolhosa, acompanhado de bicitopenia, em que foi evidenciado, por meio de mielograma, biópsia de medula óssea e cariótipo, padrão compatível com síndrome mielodisplásica, subtipo citopenia refratária com displasia de multilinhagens. Foi tratado com dapsona, obtendo cicatrização das lesões. O pioderma gangrenoso pode associar-se a doenças sistêmicas, devendo a síndrome mielodisplásica ser considerada nos casos acompanhados de citopenias. Portanto, o pioderma gangrenoso pode ser um marcador cutâneo de doença sistêmica de prognóstico reservado.

Pyoderma gangrenosum can present as a cutaneous manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes. A case of bullous pyoderma gangrenosum associated with bicytopenia is described. During the complementary investigation, myelogram, bone marrow biopsy and karyotype were performed, and showed a pattern consistent with myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient was treated with dapsone with improvement. Pyoderma gangrenosum can be a manifestation of systemic diseases. The possibility of myelodysplastic syndrome should always be considered in patients with pyoderma gangrenosum associated with cytopenia. Pyoderma gangrenosum could indicate poorer prognosis in patients with systemic diseases.